ArticleDiurnal variation of plasma cortisol and homovanillic acid in healthy subjects
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2021, PsychoneuroendocrinologyCitation Excerpt :The relationship between self-disclosure and adrenocortical attunement was consistent with that observed in our primary analysis with this data point winsorized, b = 0.03, SE = 0.02, β = 0.27, t(59) = 1.97, p = .053, 95% CI: − 0.0005–0.062. Third, because individual cortisol responses change over the course of the day (Posener et al., 1996), we conducted an analysis adjusting for the average time since waking across the two members of the dyad (which itself was not a significant predictor of attunement: b <0.001, SE = 0.0001, β = 0.02, t(58) = 0.12, p = .91, 95% CI: − 0.0002–0.0002). The relationship between self-disclosure and adrenocortical attunement was consistent with that observed in our primary analysis when adjusting for time since waking, b = 0.04, SE = 0.02, β = 0.28, t(58) = 1.99, p = .051, 95% CI: − 0.0002–0.08.
Stress, cortisol, and social hierarchy
2020, Current Opinion in PsychologyCitation Excerpt :Controllability has emerged as a key factor predicting the cortisol response to stress, with uncontrollable (versus controllable) acute stressors eliciting a stronger cortisol response [5] and uncontrollable (versus controllable) chronic stressors predicting the pattern of cortisol across the day [6]. The typical diurnal pattern consists of relatively high levels in the morning (with an immediate spike in cortisol in the first 45 min post-awakening) followed by a steady decline throughout the day [7]. Chronic, uncontrollable stressors tend to be associated with a flatter diurnal slope [6], a pattern linked to increased cardiovascular mortality risk [8].
Cookie or clementine? Psychophysiological stress reactivity and recovery after eating healthy and unhealthy comfort foods
2019, PsychoneuroendocrinologyCitation Excerpt :Eligible participants were invited to complete a 2.5-hour lab visit and provided informed consent. Lab visits were conducted between 1330 h and 1700 h to control for daily diurnal cortisol rhythm (Posener et al., 1996). The primary lab activities are outlined in Fig. 1.
Linking child temperament, physiology, and adult personality: Relations among retrospective behavioral inhibition, salivary cortisol, and shyness
2017, Personality and Individual DifferencesCitation Excerpt :For our second regression, we performed identical analyses as the first, with the exception that we replaced childhood social behavioral inhibition with nonsocial behavioral inhibition. All analyses were controlled for oral contraceptive use in females, which are known to influence cortisol levels (Kirschbaum, Pirke, & Hellhammer, 1995), as well as controlled for mean time of sample collection given cortisol levels are known to have a diurnal rhythm with levels tending to decline throughout the day (Posener, Schildkraut, Samson, & Schatzberg, 1996). Time of day was not systematically related to participant age, total salivary cortisol output, retrospective behavioral inhibition, or shyness.