Psychoneuroendocrinology
Volume 28, Issue 1 , Pages 1-17 , January 2003

Cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone and neurovegetative responses to emotions elicited during an hypnoidal state

  • L.G Sobrinho

      Affiliations

    • Department of Endocrinology, Portuguese Cancer Institute, 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +351-21-390-2502; fax: +351-21-722-9844
    • ,
  • M Simões

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal
    • ,
  • L Barbosa

      Affiliations

    • Avenida Visconde Valbom 67-3-E, 1050 Lisbon, Portugal
    • ,
  • J.F Raposo

      Affiliations

    • Department of Endocrinology, Portuguese Cancer Institute, 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal
    • ,
  • S Pratas

      Affiliations

    • Department of Endocrinology, Portuguese Cancer Institute, 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal
    • ,
  • P.L Fernandes

      Affiliations

    • Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Quinta Grande, 2780 Oeiras, Portugal
    • ,
  • M.A Santos

      Affiliations

    • Department of Endocrinology, Portuguese Cancer Institute, 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal

Received 1 June 2001 ,Revised 3 October 2001 ,Accepted 6 November 2001.

References 

  1. Almeida OFX, Yassouridis A, Forgas-Moya I. Reduced availability of milk after central injections of corticotropin-releasing hormone in lactating rats. Neuroendocrinology. 1994;59:72–77
  2. Auerbach KG, Avery JL. Induced lactation. A study of adoptive nursing by 240 women. Am. J. Dis. Child. 1981;135:340–343
  3. Biondi M, Picardi A. Psychological stress and neuroendocrine funtion in humans: the last two decades of research. Psychoter. Psychosom. 1999;68:114–150
  4. Damasio AR. Descartes’ Error. New York: G.B. Putnam’s Sons; 1994;
  5. Damasio AR, Grabowsky TJ, Bechara A, Damasio H, Ponto LLB, Parvizi J, et al. Subcortical and cortical brain activity during the feeling of self-generated emotions. Nature Neurosci. 2000;3:1049–1056
  6. Dixon AF, George L. Prolactin and parental behavior in a male New World primate. Nature. 1982;299:551–553
  7. Fisher LA, Brown MR. Central regulation of stress responses: regulation of the autonomic nervous system and visceral function by corticotrophin releasing factor-41. Baillière’s Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1991;5:35–50
  8. Gerra G, Fertomani G, Zaimovic A, Caccavari R, Reali N, Maestri D, et al. Neuroendocrine responses to emotional arousal in normal women. Neuropsychobiology. 1996;33:173–181
  9. Gerra G, Zaimovic A, Mascetti GG, Gardini S, Zambelli U, Timpano M, et al. Neuroendocrine responses to experimentally-induced psychological stress in healthy humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2001;26:91–107
  10. Kirschbaum C, Prüssner JC, Stone AA, Frederenko I, Gaab J, Lintz D, et al. Persistent high cortisol responses to repeated psychological stress in a subpopulation of heathy men. Psychosom. Med. 1995;57:468–474
  11. Kosten TR, Jacobs S, Mason J, Wahby V, Atkins S. Psychological correlates of VT response to stress. Psychosom. Med. 1984;46:49–57
  12. Kroger W. Techniques of hypnosis. JAMA. 1960;172:675–680
  13. Kroger W. Clinical Experimental Hypnosis. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1977;
  14. Liu D, Diorio J, Tannenbaum B, Caldji C, Francis D, Fredman A, et al. Maternal care, hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adenal responses to stress. Science. 1997;277:1659–1662
  15. Luecken LJ. Childhood attachment and loss experiences affect adult cardiovascular and cortisol function. Psychosom. Med. 1998;60:765–772
  16. Martins JM, Trinca A, Afonso A, Carreiras F, Falcao J, Nunes JS, et al. Psychoneuroendocrine characteristics of common obesity clinical subtypes. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 2001;25:24–32
  17. Merriam G, Wachter KW. Algorithms for the study of episodic hormone secretion. Am. J. Physiol. 1982;243:E310–E318 (Endocrinol Metab 20)
  18. Porges SW. Orienting in a defensive world: mammalian modifications of our evolutionary heritage. A polyvagal theory. Psychophysiology. 1995;32:301–318
  19. Ratner A, Yelvington DB, Rosenthal M. Prolactin and corticosterone response to repeated footshock stress on male rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1989;14:79–82
  20. Reichlin S. Prolactin and growth hormone secretion in stress. In:  Chrousos GP,  Loriaux DL,  Gold PW editor. Mechanisms of Physical and Emotional stress. New York: Plenum Press; 1988;p. 353–376
  21. Rivier C, Vale W. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) acts centrally to inhibit VT secretion in the rat. Endocrinology. 1985;117:2478–2482
  22. Roozendaal B. Glucocorticoids and the regulation of memory consolidation. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2000;25:213–238
  23. Sapolsky RM, Romero LM, Munck AU. How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory and preparative actions. Endocr. Rev. 2000;21:55–89
  24. Scheidt CE, Waller E, Malchow H, Ehlert U, Becker-Stoll F, Schulte-Mölting J, et al. Attachmente representation and cortisol response to the adult attachment interview in idiopathic spasmodic torticollis. Psychoter. Psychosom. 2000;69:155–162
  25. Simões M, Barbosa L, Gonçalves S, Pimentel T, Fernandes P, Correia J, et al. Altered states of consciousness. Bial Foundation Symposium, Behind and beyond the brain. Portugal: Porto; 1999;
  26. Sobrinho LG. The psychosomatic interface: Hyperprolactinemia. In:  Horseman ND editors. Prolactin. Norwell, Mass, USA: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2001;p. 97–113
  27. Sobrinho LG, Almeida-Costa JM. Hyperprolactinaemia as a result of immaturity or regression: the concept of maternal subroutine. Psychoter. Psychosom. 1992;57:128–132
  28. Sobrinho LG, Nunes MCP, Calhaz-Jorge C, Afonso AM, Pereira MC, Santos MA. Hyperprolactinemia in women with paternal deprivation during childhood. Obstet. Gynecol. 1984;64:465–468
  29. Van de Kar LD, Blair ML. Forebrain pathways mediating stress-induced hormone secretion. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 1999;20:1–48
  30. Veldhuis JD, Iranmanesh A, Lizarralde G, Johnson M. Amplitude modulation of a burstlike mode of cortisol secretion subserves the circadian glucocorticoid rhythm. Am J Physiol. 1989;257:E6–E14 (Endocrinol Metab 20)
  31. Veldhuis JD, Iranmanesh A, Wilkowski MJ, Samojlik E. Neuroendocrine alterations in the somatotropic and lactotropic axes in uremic men. Eur J Endocrinol. 1994;131:489–498
  32. Waters NS, Badura LL, Denenberg VH. Differential prolactin responsiveness to stress in left- and right-pawed mice. Brain Res. 1996;724:112–116
  33. Ziegler TE, Wegner FH, Snowdon CT. Hormonal responses to parental and non-parental conditions in male cotton-top tamarins, Saguinus oedipus, a New World primate. Horm. Behav. 1996;30:287–297

PII: S0306-4530(01)00100-7

Psychoneuroendocrinology
Volume 28, Issue 1 , Pages 1-17 , January 2003

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution