Psychoneuroendocrinology
Volume 34, Issue 9 , Pages 1355-1362 , October 2009

Emotion regulation and cortisol reactivity to a social-evaluative speech task

Received 23 October 2008 ,Revised 7 April 2009 ,Accepted 8 April 2009.

References 

  1. Abelson JL, Liberzon I, Young EA, Khan S. Cognitive modulation of the endocrine stress response to a pharmacological challenge in normal and panic disorder subjects. Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 2005;62:668–675
  2. Brown LL, Tomarken AJ, Orth DN, Loosen PT, Kalin NH, Davidson RJ. Individual differences in repressive–defensiveness predict basal cortisol levels. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 1996;70:362–378
  3. Butler EA, Wilhelm FH, Gross JJ. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, emotion, and emotion regulation during social interaction. Psychophysiology. 2006;43:612–622
  4. Charles ST, Carstensen LL. Emotion regulation and aging. In:  Gross JJ editors. Handbook of Emotion Regulation. New York: Guilford Press; 2007;p. 307–320
  5. Dickerson SS, Kemeny ME. Acute stressors and cortisol responses: a theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psychol. Bull. 2004;130:355–391
  6. Egloff B, Schmukle SC, Burns LR, Schwerdtfeger A. Spontaneous emotion regulation during evaluated speaking tasks: associations with negative affect, anxiety expression, memory, and physiological responding. Emotion. 2006;6:356–366
  7. Ekman P. Basic emotions. In:  Dalgleish T,  Power M editor. Handbook of Cognition and Emotion. Sussex, UK: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.; 1999;
  8. Goldin PR, McRae K, Ramel W, Gross JJ. The neural bases of emotion regulation: reappraisal and suppression of negative emotion. Biol. Psychiat. 2008;63:577–586
  9. Gross JJ. Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 1998;74:224–237
  10. Gross JJ, John OP. Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 2003;85:348–362
  11. Gross JJ, Levenson RW. Emotional suppression: physiology, self-report, and expressive behavior. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 1993;64:970–986
  12. Gross JJ, Levenson RW. Hiding feelings: the acute effects of inhibiting negative and positive emotion. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 1997;106:95–103
  13. Gruenewald TL, Kemeny ME, Aziz N, Fahey JL. Acute threat to the social self: shame, social self-esteem and cortisol activity. Psychosom. Med. 2004;66:915–924
  14. Harris CR. Cardiovascular responses of embarrassment and effects of emotional suppression in a social setting. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 2001;81:886–897
  15. John OP, Gross JJ. Healthy and unhealthy emotion regulation: personality processes, individual differences, and lifespan development. J. Pers. 2004;72:1301–1334
  16. Kashdan TB, Volkmann JR, Breen WE, Han S. Social anxiety and romantic relationships: the costs and benefits of negative emotion expression are context dependent. J. Anxiety Disord. 2007;21:475–492
  17. Kirschbaum C, Pirke KM, Hellhammer DH. The ‘Trier Social Stress Test’—a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting. Neuropsychobiology. 1993;28:76–81
  18. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, Appraisal and Coping. New York: Springer; 1984;
  19. Mauss IB, Cook CL, Cheng JYJ, Gross JJ. Individual differences in cognitive reappraisal: experiential and physiological responses to an anger provocation. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2007;66:116–124
  20. McEwen BS, Seeman T. Stress and affect: applicability of the concepts of allostatis and allostatic load. In:  Davidson RJ,  Scherer KR,  Goldsmith HH editor. Handbook of Affective Sciences. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2003;p. 1117–1138
  21. Mikolajczak M, Roy E, Luminet O, Fillee C, de Timary P. The moderating impact of emotional intelligence on free cortisol responses to stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2007;32:1000–1012
  22. Richards JM, Gross JJ. Emotion regulation and memory: the cognitive costs of keeping one's cool. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 2000;79:410–424
  23. Seeman TE, Singer BH, Rowe JW, Horwitz RI, McEwen BS. Price of adaptation allostatic load and its health consequences. Arch. Intern. Med. 1997;157:2259–2268
  24. Singer JD. Using SAS PROC MIXED to fit multilevel models, hierarchical models, and individual growth models. J. Educ. Behav. Stat. 1998;24:322–354
  25. Singer JD, Willett JB. Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis: Modeling Change and Event Occurrence. New York: Oxford University Press; 2003;
  26. Spielberger CD. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1983;
  27. Steptoe A, Vogele C. Are stress responses influenced by cognitive appraisal? An experimental comparison of coping strategies. Br. J. Psychol. 1986;77:243–255

PII: S0306-4530(09)00122-X

doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.04.006

Psychoneuroendocrinology
Volume 34, Issue 9 , Pages 1355-1362 , October 2009