Psychoneuroendocrinology
Volume 35, Issue 3 , Pages 414-421 , April 2010

A striking pattern of cortisol non-responsiveness to psychosocial stress in patients with panic disorder with concurrent normal cortisol awakening responses

  • Katja Petrowski

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +49 351 4583634; fax: +49 351 2636268.
    • ,
  • Ulf Herold

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
    • ,
  • Peter Joraschky

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
    • ,
  • Hans-Ulrich Wittchen

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
    • ,
  • Clemens Kirschbaum

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

Received 20 March 2009 ,Revised 10 August 2009 ,Accepted 12 August 2009.

References 

  1. Abelson JL, Khan S, Liberzon I, Young EA. HPA axis activity in patients with panic disorder: review and synthesis of four studies. Depress Anxiety. 2007;24:66–76
  2. Albert CM, Chae CU, Rexrode KM, Manson JE, Kawachi I. Phobic anxiety and risk of coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death among women. Circulation. 2005;111:480–487
  3. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. At risk for panic disorder. Biol. Psychiatry. 2004;57:1485–1492
  4. Bandelow B. Panik- und Agoraphobieskala (PAS). Göttingen/Bern/Toronto/Seattle: Hogrefe; 1979;
  5. Bandelow B, Wedekind D, Pauls J, Broocks A, Hajak G, Rüther E. Salivary cortisol in panic attacks. Am. J. Psychiatry. 2000;157:454–456
  6. Beck AT, Ward CH, Medelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1961;4:561–571
  7. Cameron OG, Lee MA, Curtis GC, McCann DS. Endocrine and physiological changes during “spontaneous” panic attacks. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1987;12:321–331
  8. Derogatis LR. SCL-90-R, administration, scoring & procedures manual-I for the R(evised) version. Baltimore: John Hopkins University School of Medicine; 1977;
  9. Dickerson SS, Kemeny ME. Acute stressors and cortisol responses: a theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psychol. Bull. 2004;130:355–391
  10. Domschke K, Ohrmann P, Braun M, Suslow T, Bauer J, Hohoff C, et al. Influence of the catechol-O-methyltransferase val158met genotype on amygdala and prefrontal cortex emotional processing in panic disorder. Biol. Psychiatry. 2008;163:13–20
  11. Erhardt A, Ising M, Unschuld PG, Kern N, Lucae S, Puetz B, et al. Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system in patients with panic disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006;32:2516–2522
  12. Franke GH. SCL-90-R: symptom-checkliste. In:  von Derogatis LR editors. Deutsche Version – Manual. Göttingen: Belts Test GmbH; 2002;
  13. Fries E, Dettenborn L, Kirschbaum C. The cortisol awakening response (CAR): facts and future directions. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2008;30
  14. Garcia-Leal C, Parente AC, Del-Ben CM, Guimarães FS, Moreira AC, Elias LL, et al. Anxiety and salivary cortisol in symptomatic and nonsymptomatic panic patients and healthy volunteers performing simulated public speaking. Psychiatry Res. 2005;133:239–252
  15. Greenberg PE, Sisitsky T, Kessler RC, Finkelstein SN, Berndt ER, Davidson JRT, et al. The economic burden of the anxiety patients of the, 1990s. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 1999;7:427–435
  16. Gurguis GN, Mefford IN, Uhde TW. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical activity in panic disorder: Relationship to plasma catecholamine metabolites. Biol. Psychiatry. 1991;30:502–506
  17. Hautzinger, M., Bailer, M., Worall, H., Keller, F., 1994. Beck-Depressions-Inventar (BDI), Bern: Huber.
  18. Hellhammer DH, Wüst S, Kudielka B. Salivary cortisol as a biomarker in stress research. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009;34:163–171
  19. Hoehn T, Braune S, Scheibe G, Albus M. Physiological, biochemical and subjective parameters in anxiety patients with panic disorder during stress exposure as compared with healthy controls. Eur. Arch Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 1997;247:264–274
  20. Holsboer F, von Bardeleben U, Buller R, Heuser I, Steiger A. Stimulation response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in patients with depression, alcoholism and panic disorder. Horm. Metab. Res. Suppl. 1987;16:80–88
  21. Kern S, Oakes TR, Stone CK, McAuliff EM, Kirschbaum C, Davidson RJ. Glucose metabolic changes in the prefrontal cortex are associated with HPA axis response to a psychosocial stressor. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2008;33:517–529
  22. Kirschbaum C, Pirke KM, Hellhammer DH. The “Trier Social Stress Test” – a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting. Neuropsychobiology. 1993;28:76–81
  23. Kirschbaum C, Pruessner JC, Stone AA, Federenko I, Gaab J, Lintz D, et al. Persistent high cortisol responses to repeated psychological stress in a subpopulation of healthy men. Psychosom. Med. 1995;57:468–474
  24. Kudielka BM, Hellhammer DH, Kirschbaum C. Ten years of research with the trier social stress test–revisited. In:  Harmon-Jones E,  Winkielman P editor. Social Neuroscience: Integrating Biological and Psychological Explanations of Social Behavior. New York, NY, US: Guilford Press; 2007;p. 56–83
  25. Leyton M, Bélanger C, Martial J, Beaulieu S. Cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and Monoaminergic responses to psychological stressors: Possible differences between remitted panic disorder patients and healthy controls. Biol. Psychiatry. 1996;5:353–360
  26. Mason JW. A review of psychoendocrine research on the pituitary-adrenal cortical system. Psychosom. Med. 1968;30:576–607
  27. McEwen BS. Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. N. Engl. J. Med. 1998;338:171–179
  28. Roy-Byrne PP, Uhde TW, Post RM, Gallucci W, Chrousos GP, Gold PW. The corticotropin- releasing hormone stimulation test in patients with panic disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1986;143:896–899
  29. Schmidt-Reinwald A, Pruessner JC, Hellhammer DH, Federenko I, Rohleder N, Schürmeyer TH, et al. The cortisol response to awakening in relation to different challenge tests and a 12-hour cortisol rhythm. Life Sci. 1999;64:1653–1660
  30. Schommer NC, Hellhammer DH, Kirschbaum C. Dissociation between reactivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system to repeated psychosocial stress. Psychosom. Med. 2003;65:450–460
  31. Schreiber W, Lauer CJ, Krumrey K, Holsboer F, Krieg JC. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system in panic disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1996;15:7–15
  32. Smoller JW, Gardner-Schuster E, Covino J. The genetic basis of panic and phobic anxiety disorders. Am. J. Med. Genet. Part C Semin. Med. Genet. 2008;148C:118–126
  33. Smoller JW, Yamaki LH, Fagerness JA, Biederman J, Racette S, Laird NM, et al. The corticotropin-releasing hormone gene and behavioral inhibition in children. Biol. Psychiatry. 2005;57:1485–1492
  34. Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Gibon M, First M. SCID: User's Guide for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1990;
  35. Van Cauter E, Refetoff S. Evidence for two subtypes of Cushing's disease based on the analysis of episodic cortisol secretion. N. Engl. J. Med. 1985;23:1343–1349
  36. Wang J, Rao H, Wetmore GS, Furlan PM, Korczykowski M, Dinges DF, et al. Perfusion functional MRI reveals cerebral blood flow pattern under psychological stress. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2005;102:17804–17809
  37. Wittchen HU, Zaudis M, Schramm E, Spengler P, Mombour W, Klug J, et al. Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview für DSM-III-R. Weinheim: Beltz Test-Gesellschaft; 1990;

PII: S0306-4530(09)00246-7

doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.08.003

Psychoneuroendocrinology
Volume 35, Issue 3 , Pages 414-421 , April 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution